On Board Hydrogen Generation for Fuel Cell Powered Electric Cars (a Review of Various Available Techniques)

نویسنده

  • M. PRIGENT
چکیده

DiffŽrents procŽdŽs permettant la production embarquŽe d'hydrogne pour vŽhicules Žlectriques ˆ piles ˆ combustible sont passŽs en revue. Les combustibles primaires suivants sont considŽrŽs : ammoniac, mŽthanol, Žthanol et hydrocarbures. Le craquage catalytique de l'ammoniac permet l'obtention d'un mŽlange ˆ 75 % d'hydrogne, exempt de CO2 et convenant donc sans purification ultŽrieure pour l'alimentation des piles alcalines. Avec ce combustible primaire, les problmes sont la toxicitŽ en cas de fuite et le risque de production d'oxydes d'azote lors de la combustion catalytique de l'effluent de la pile. Le mŽthanol, l'Žthanol et les hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux permettent Žgalement la production de mŽlanges riches en hydrogne, soit par vaporŽformage catalytique, soit par oxydation partielle. Le gaz obtenu contient toutefois beaucoup de CO2 et de CO et son usage nŽcessite un traitement d'Žpuration prŽalable. Sauf pour l'usage dans les piles ˆ haute tempŽrature, la concentration du CO doit tre abaissŽe ˆ un niveau trs bas (quelques ppm). Le CO2 peut toutefois tre conservŽ pour l'alimentation des piles ˆ Žlectrolyte acide, son Žlimination n'Žtant nŽcessaire que pour les piles alcalines. La mise en Ïuvre de ces divers procŽdŽs est courante au niveau industriel. Mais la rŽalisation d'installations entirement automatisŽes, de petite taille, acceptant des dŽmarrages et des arrts trs rapides et frŽquents ainsi que des variations permanentes de charge sans perte de rendement ni Žmissions de polluants, reste encore trs dŽlicate et incertaine.

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تاریخ انتشار 1999