On Board Hydrogen Generation for Fuel Cell Powered Electric Cars (a Review of Various Available Techniques)
نویسنده
چکیده
Diffrents procds permettant la production embarque d'hydrogne pour vhicules lectriques piles combustible sont passs en revue. Les combustibles primaires suivants sont considrs : ammoniac, mthanol, thanol et hydrocarbures. Le craquage catalytique de l'ammoniac permet l'obtention d'un mlange 75 % d'hydrogne, exempt de CO2 et convenant donc sans purification ultrieure pour l'alimentation des piles alcalines. Avec ce combustible primaire, les problmes sont la toxicit en cas de fuite et le risque de production d'oxydes d'azote lors de la combustion catalytique de l'effluent de la pile. Le mthanol, l'thanol et les hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux permettent galement la production de mlanges riches en hydrogne, soit par vaporformage catalytique, soit par oxydation partielle. Le gaz obtenu contient toutefois beaucoup de CO2 et de CO et son usage ncessite un traitement d'puration pralable. Sauf pour l'usage dans les piles haute temprature, la concentration du CO doit tre abaisse un niveau trs bas (quelques ppm). Le CO2 peut toutefois tre conserv pour l'alimentation des piles lectrolyte acide, son limination n'tant ncessaire que pour les piles alcalines. La mise en Ïuvre de ces divers procds est courante au niveau industriel. Mais la ralisation d'installations entirement automatises, de petite taille, acceptant des dmarrages et des arrts trs rapides et frquents ainsi que des variations permanentes de charge sans perte de rendement ni missions de polluants, reste encore trs dlicate et incertaine.
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